Cells of all organisms process numerous signals originating from the internal biological processes or from the environment to produce the appropriate cellular response. Designed gene regulatory ...

Living cells make decisions based on information processing genetic programmes. Many of these programmes execute digital functions 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. The capability to build synthetic digital systems in ...

In a proof-of-concept study, researchers have created self-assembled, protein-based circuits that can perform simple logic functions. The work demonstrates that it is possible to create stable digital ...

Logic Gates are among the important components of a circuit. All the logical operations required to perform a particular task in an electronic circuit are carried by these logic gates. If you are an ...

We are somewhat spoiled because electronics today are very reliable compared to even a few decades ago. Most modern electronics obey the bathtub curve. If they don’t fail right away, they won’t fail ...

A logic gate is an electronic component (or set of them) that performs a logic operation, in which the binary values 0 and 1 are represented with two different voltage values, as seen in the previous ...

Designers of digital systems are familiar with implementing the 'leftovers' of their digital design by using FPGAs and CPLDs to glue together various processors, memories, and standard function ...

I've covered tons of different scientific applications you can run on your computer to do rather complex calculations, but so far, I've not really given much thought to the hardware on which this ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...