When the early Earth’s magma ocean crystallized 4.4 billion years ago, the deep mantle trapped an ocean’s worth of water, ...

New evidence from rocks, molecules and machine learning is forcing scientists to redraw the opening chapters of Earth’s story ...

For roughly 2 billion years of Earth's early history, the atmosphere contained no oxygen, the essential ingredient required ...

Continental clues: Modern continental rocks carry chemical signatures from the very start of our planet’s history, challenging current theories about plate tectonics. Researchers have made a new ...

happened to collide with the Earth. The best-known episode is that in which the dinosaurs died 65 million years ago, but there have been many other catastrophic impacts both before then, and since.