Cells of all organisms process numerous signals originating from the internal biological processes or from the environment to produce the appropriate cellular response. Designed gene regulatory ...

Living cells make decisions based on information processing genetic programmes. Many of these programmes execute digital functions 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. The capability to build synthetic digital systems in ...

We are somewhat spoiled because electronics today are very reliable compared to even a few decades ago. Most modern electronics obey the bathtub curve. If they don’t fail right away, they won’t fail ...

Logic Gates are among the important components of a circuit. All the logical operations required to perform a particular task in an electronic circuit are carried by these logic gates. If you are an ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

A logic gate is an electronic component (or set of them) that performs a logic operation, in which the binary values 0 and 1 are represented with two different voltage values, as seen in the previous ...

Designers of digital systems are familiar with implementing the 'leftovers' of their digital design by using FPGAs and CPLDs to glue together various processors, memories, and standard function ...

I've covered tons of different scientific applications you can run on your computer to do rather complex calculations, but so far, I've not really given much thought to the hardware on which this ...