A technical paper titled “Freeform direct-write and rewritable photonic integrated circuits in phase-change thin films” was published by researchers at University of Washington, University of Maryland ...

Semiconductor devices are becoming thinner and more complex, making thin deposited films even harder to measure and control. With 3nm node devices in production and 2nm nodes ramping toward ...

Thin films can be made from a variety of materials, including metals (e.g., gold, silver), oxides (e.g., silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide), and semiconductors (e.g ...

Thin films form the basis of many industries today, including semiconductors, electric vehicles, smart optical coatings, sophisticated medical equipment, and protective layers on high-temperature ...

The major factors affecting the performance of crystalline thin films are the presence of grain boundaries and inherent crystal structure. Post-deposition annealing is frequently employed to improve ...

Dendritic structures that emerge during the growth of thin films are a major obstacle in large-area fabrication, a key step towards commercialization. However, current methods of studying dendrites ...

In this article, we explore how X-ray diffraction, also known as XRD, can be used to analyze thin films and the benefits of using this technique. Many materials are now processed in the form of thin ...

Plastics make up approximately 5–12 % of global waste generation, constituting around 20–30 % of waste by weight. Alarmingly, about 60 % of plastics end up as plastic waste (PW) in the environment. 2 ...

Silicon-free tandem solar cells are a topic of research for commercial, academic, and institutional labs in the United States. Researchers at the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Renewable ...